GPT-SW3

Openly released November 16, 2023, GPT-SW3 is the first large-scale generative language model for the Nordic languages, developed by AI Sweden with WASP, RISE, and NVIDIA, trained on the Berzelius supercomputer at Linköping University. It ships in six sizes from 126 million to 40 billion parameters, with Swedish as its primary language plus Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and English coverage — built explicitly so Swedish public agencies and companies could run a capable model on dedicated hardware with clear licensing instead of depending on foreign cloud APIs.

The release was a landmark for European AI sovereignty efforts and fed directly into the OpenEuroLLM collaboration of around twenty European stakeholders building open models for European languages.

Limitations: it is a 2023-generation model — capability is far behind current multilingual models, and AI Sweden notes the open download is no longer available; current access is gated to researchers at European universities via an application process. Treat it as a historical sovereignty milestone rather than a deployment candidate.

Positioned as the first capable Nordic LLM; no modern benchmark standing